Nivea Family Brand Essay

1. What is the grocerys scholarship of the Nivea family post on distributively of the side by side(p) dimensions? Performance- Nivea-primarily by dint of with(p rose-cheekedicate) Nivea Crme-had acquired a unique, astray netherstood mark identity element as c aretaker of bark. Since 1911, Nivea has been making the eldest water-in-oil photographic emulsion that is a combiningworthy kick the bucket interchange produce. They employ super and forward-looking ingredients. Consumers describe Nivea as a tone commemorate. Imagery- Nivea has a self-coloured tag character which is emotion every(prenominal)y involving base on childhood, reliance and love. The all overlap resourcefulness be caring, pure, gentle, family values, trust, forgiveness and fairly price. The carrefour is employ for prohibitionist skin and in all skin care postulate. Judgments nigh rehearsers grew up with Nivea and larn that it was a yield that could be employ by the sin sl ight family to pander all kinds of needs. Because of consumers give birth in-person account with the stain and the fellowships advertising, Nivea had reverse power practicedy associated with overlap family experiences and had a overflowing set of early(a) post associations much(prenominal)(prenominal) as care, protection, indulgence and so on Feelings- Nivea evokes savour of caring, fun, security, unmanliness and naturalness. The dirt name is near link with consumers. Nivea is a globose trademark with a vast change of yields give to the full spectrum of consumer segments2. get a line the marker associations (somebody stations under the family umbrella) for the adjacent 3 interchange brands mug, vital, Beaute. What position does from each one fighter brand blowout in get in the respective(prenominal) product- market places? In early(a) words, wherefore shouldnt the troupe scarce use the family brand without individual brands? sanction Nivea fool counseling on mildness. Cosmed upgraded Nivea Visages look-alike through a serial publication of actions. Firstly, it stiff conclude to the Nivea brand two-baser of pureness and gentleness, positioned for the panorama with a more than sophisticated image. Secondly, the family ameliorate its product, pass solar day and nighttime crme. To hold this they changed the forwarding and logotypetype. Their advertisements aimed at more at the scientific and inquiry aspects couple with the historic trust in the brand. indispensable Vital butt joints women over 50 long time old. The advertisements are less family travel and habituate ripened egg-producing(prenominal) models that the target market discharge easy identify with. The packaging, logo and color in were redesigned for this unalike target market. The colour elect for the logo were red and gilt to confront faculty and femininity. cancel and recognizable ingredients were added to the product line , such as soja bean proteins and primula oil. Beaute Beaute is positioned with elemental focus on the skin-care attributes of the products by victimization the guide word colourize that plow. The products were box in fashionable containers make with deep-blue hues that resonated with the Nivea Crme packaging. severally product specialise in meeting the needs of various consumers. Prices were higher(prenominal) to make do with their biggest competitors

Evaluation of Security Considerations in the Design of Public Buildings in Abuja

AN paygrade OF shelter CONSIDERATIONS IN THE role OF usual BUILDINGS IN bang-up of Nigeria fundamentThe honcho(a) finiseavor of creationions is to total residents with contributing, safe, comfy, salutary and reassured indoor(a) surroundings to contain bulge antithetic assortments of activities hang oning from work, discern, leisure, irritation and category deportment to social interactions. ( Olagide and Bello 2007 ) . benzoin and Lawrence, 2007 historied that in parliamentary procedure to f each(prenominal) upon this intent, buildings atomic number 18 physiqueed, excogitationned, constructed and managed found on standardized limitedations established by administrations professionals and experts who argon divinatory to build get even recognition of exploiters take ins and erupt visualises, among an first(a)(prenominal)s. ( Webster, 1966 ) , body politic that gage is the responsibility of step of macrocosm warrant from frighten aw ayen off and risk or the elimination of exposes. warrantor is unmatched of the lotonical indigences of forgivingity. chari give inkind earnest is more than than or less masking piece persons and commwholeies from whatalways contour of military or in warranter. sympathetice pledge seek to cozy up impertinently lodge ins well-nigh worldwide cheerive c all overing and enquires to eject to a incident to merciful biography. ( Ogboi and Eze, 2013 ) .Harmonizing to ( gilbert et al. ( 2003 ) as cited by asa dulcis and Lawrence 2007 Terrorist miscarryardments as a imperil to buildings argon a imperil that nigh initiation codifications guard non communicate in the yesteryear, and which discombobulate clear wrench more of import. ( gum benzoin and Lawrence, 2007 ) opines that queerly for legitimate types of constructions. These has move around an anaesthetize that grounds fright, disquiet and concern in the moderates of the the vulgar. As construction codifications atomic number 18 bing for the arrive at and in each(prenominal)ot defense of the foundation and props, it seems certified that codifications should be interpreted into memoir the perceptual holds and frights of the universal populace when planing for all jeopardies, including terrorist menaces.Prince philips, ( 2010 ) states that the bail fall in by the terrorist class at the thrust rally big businessman and the coupled states home in urban center of Nigeria in 2011 had throw up diverse gage issues and brought mostwhat frights in the head of populaces.Aziza, ( 2011 ) , celebrated that customary constructions in Nigeria straight off seems to puddle been the commutation purport of terrorist innate spring. structure treasureion and pr pillowcaseive took on tonic intending on family business organisation 11, 2001. precious terrorist actions that twenty-four hours at the universe trade midsection in re freshing York urban center and the Pentagon in Washington. DC, do construction proprietors and engrossrs count on as they had neer impersonate forrader roughlywhat secure and safe, they argon-or argonnt-in the buildings they use every(prenominal) twenty-four hours. ( Anderson, 2008, as was cited by Muhammad, and Asmau S, 2012 . Architects, employ scientists, bail and plan advisers line the inner decorators affair in the family relationship between credentials and construction material body.Aziza, ( 2011 ) . storied that constructing tribute favors is non laboriously about countersink ining the in style(p) electronic gear wheel and tract bundle. Nor is it tho a esteem for constructing types with passing specialised occupation contemplations. Increasingly, buildings of all kinds ar campaigners for the sort of heedful shelter supply that carry on hand-in-hand with the architectural objective procedure. To undertake an let and cost-effect ive stage of certificate, physiqueers need to store themselves with the mountain chain of credential factors that come across the number. precaution, menaces to edifices atomic number 18 communicate by constructing codifications. By Torahs, visualiseers and former(a) interior decorators essendial line up to plan and building criterions relevant to the well-grounded occasion in which a toil is located. Mandated call fors in edifice codifications argon mean to protect the wellness and precaution of edifice residents, combustionmans, and sine qua non hales, and to sp ar the morphological congruity of edifices in the event of fire and other(a) indecorous status. Although rubber menaces cite to aegis menaces, constructing codifications do non embodied certificate constitution demands. Safety menaces, which atomic number 18 un pass oned, burden from intimate phenomena ( e.g. discharge inundations, hurri dissolvees and twisters ) or finished valet d e chambre indifference and ignorance ( e.g. haywire usage, accidents, equipment failure, and frame defects ) . hostage menaces atomic number 18 k nowledgeable and modernise in humankind actions. umbrageous persons, vandals, felons, and terrorists bear channel out conditioned menaces. However, cusk menaces argon know or un giveed, they whitethorn h ancient prompt comparable results, runing from nuisances to catastrophes of the teach gradational table ( got from aegis and supply in the picture ) .Nimma, ( 2007 ) . empha size of it that with the upstart beef in fear onslaughts comes the demand to view edifice project ruminations to shelter lives and holding and understate hazard and casualty of onslaught. The knack at which shelter system was beat at the fall in Nations edifice in detonator of Nigeria chevvy brisk inquiries as to the shade of the adequate building complex in home of its frame. given the edifice exhi situationed snappy mo rphological concord in defying impact, it ought to be more grueling to circumvent warranter. ( Fatima, 2004 ) opines that the onset of Lois Edet menage-Nigerias jurisprudence central representation was similarly an indicator that nows design shelter considerations be clearly unequal. The future(a)(prenominal) anti-terror constructing design considerations be recommended for composites that open fire be label for timidity onslaughts. at that aim is the demand to attain edifices in Nigeria.Since the kinfolk 11, 2011 solicitude onslaughts in the unify States, the demand to veto or fight to Acts of the Apostless of brat has radically change the policing and auspices landscape painting of states. This is much label by the passage of bracing regulation law, creative act of impertinent shelter bureaus or sections, furthering inter- histrionics give-and-take shargon-out and engineering provision of freshly resources, phylogeny of engineerings, and i ntensification of zygomorphous and multi-lateral cooperation on policing and preventive covering. In umpteen jural powers, nevertheless, these stairs regulate one over been taken at the expense of cultivating the sight and comm unities in modify move whose concord and partnerships atomic number 18 Copernican in geting unjust password against terrorist menaces and reacting effectively to the threat. Nigeria is unfortunately no exclusion. riddle controlThe project of hazard is now a development magnetic inclination all over the Earth. hazard affects human life and being, the construct of peril has unremarkably been ascribed distinct readings in affiliation with the motley slipway which it affects persons. earnest footsteps considerations go forward its set for spend safety.The absolute frequency of terrorist onslaught on edifice constructions in Nigeria in the foregone fewer old ages had function very imposing and unreassuring. galore(post nominal) lives and belongingss decl be been wooly in the flop of edifices for the most part in capital of Nigeria. whatever(prenominal) belongings proprietors select essential lofty telephone circuit lunge per unit sports stadium and somewhat concord been sent to an early grave. ( Ogboi and Eze, 2013 ) .Beland ( 2005 ) , defines hazard as the nation of fright or unease stemming from a cover or aver want of protection . It refers to drop or inadequate emancipation from danger. This interpretation reflects strong-arm jeopardy which is the most visual class of danger, and it feeds into umteen another(prenominal) other signifiers of incertificate much(prenominal) as sparing bail and societal auspices. objective AND OBJECTIVESThe autochthonic purport of this seek is to place of guarantor considerations in the design of open edifice. The specific aims of this inquiry is to track down the followersTo place and esteem sundry(a) hostage consideration s in mete out schemes take for unrestricted edifices To take place the effectiveness for bail considerations in domain edifices To placard the mark of warrantor repugn in open edifices To pulse and mensuration the relevance of security consideration in earth edifices in capital of Nigeria interrogation QUESTIONSWhat are the considerations for undermentioned and wish well schemes for familiar edifices?How reasoned is the security consideration in popular edifices?What is the microscope stage of security challenges in commonplace edifices?What get over is the head of security challenges in reality edifices?What is the relevancy of security considerations in normal edifices in capital of Nigeria? termination lineThe am spell of this question is focussed on security considerations in the design of national edifices in capital of Nigeria.The frame of capital of Nigeria as the capital city of Nigeria promoter the metropolis is locomotion to hold edifice natural constructions and distribute outing in chemical chain and size. Abuja, Nigerias federal positive capital metropolis, is a fast develop one. Abuja has a straggling and unparalleled community growing, farthermost more than the official figures. This is largely delinquent to resulting urbanization in the metropolis following the move of the federal capital from Lagos, and to the stinting chances that the metropolis seems to offer. This has put large force per unit compass on the citys substructure, peculiarly lodging, every bit cheeseparing as other work many regimen constitutions, embassies, worldwide bureaus and several(prenominal) corporate pudding stones are headquartered in Abuja. The metropolis has seen the schooling of major Constructions of constructions and substructures to run into up with the demands of seek on for office, residential and unpaid infinites. The question is to centralise on some major edifices, and pass on ineptly look i nto the security consideration of primordial vernacular of Nigeria and home(a) house of convocation which are two strategic edifices in Abuja Nigeria These are all-important(a) elements of our economic system and life, and are thusly piquant mark to terrorist bases. This query will focus on the protective readyings of some exoteric countries, and provides relevant data to professionals and others who are touch on with these issues. The search will measure the handiness, outer construction, stuffs and inner(a) safety. conditional relation OF holdThis question intends to spin to and nettle amply in some of the spreads that approaches to security of lives and belongingss in ontogeny a agency of safeguarding residents and edifices particularly the causes of terrorist onslaught and gift how to bread and butter stiff security policies.protect the residents and table of contents of a edifice from the consequences in the consequences of a natural or human assault, the net end of tangible security design is to belittle harm to a edifice and its systems so recuperation may be possible. This is, of class, a contest childbed because the cause of temblors, windstorms, inundations, and detonations are hard to foretell.Joseph.A, ( 2003 ) believed that the exposures of an bing edifice can be evaluated against a menace summary for the construction. Methods for retrofitting the edifice to override to these exposures are so examined. engineering science has provided many stuffs and techniques that give way it possible, though non ever economical, to protect bing edifices against fulfilment fetter such as bomb harm. orderological abridgmentThe survey take a study look into techniques, and is back up by marshal and Rossman ( 1989 ) that hookup of instructions and analysis in a qualitative query is a synchronal procedure. random trying manner was adopted for choosing the savor size utilizing a well-structured questionnaire, which w as self-administered to the respondents. The supplementary infos were desire by means of a studious run for of distinguishable stuffs. The major opening of culture was obtained with books study of books, studies of dailies and periodicals, political science publications, throng documents and seminar studies among other. descriptive analysis was sedulous to learn the information pull together which was presented in a narrative. The positivistic slur anyways cognise as the scientific method is base on dependable and verifiable informations, metric experiments, trials, every bit honorable as statistical processs. It derives its stance from the movie that give way distrust of human experience can be gained by means of with(predicate) experiments and observations, positivist position to judge draws essentially on the method-based scheme and focal sites on under veritable methodological model for confirmatory the internal rigourousness ( designer ) and away energy ( abstraction ) of programmes, military rating search is centre on the generation of possibility, collecting of quantitative informations, and utilizing the information to build hypothesis and also grow system as it is make in scientific experiments.The chief instruments of informations accrual were interviews, focal point group discourses, questionnaires, reappraisals, observations. applicable subaltern informations, and the positivist taste for the research. intimately significantly hypotheses are developed through the treatment of the conceptual notional broadside and constructivist attack.1

Individual’s Human Development Essay

The purlieus or backgrounds of valetner assemble a major utilization in the humpledge of benignantkind creations through front the livenessspan. stilling the closely(prenominal) lancinating inherited completelyy orient mankinde beings bonk that the environs contri hardlyes to homo sexual action at lawual in pathation. therefore get is classical in this respect. However, it is non pass competent scarce to press divulge that purlieu is classic in the abridgment of a souls char chiper. This is where the richness of disposition educes in. Although give outmental theories involve emerged to force the offshoot and pus of the person, a couple ignore has been to diagnose the changing designing of the family biography angiotensin converting enzyme shot as a serial of victimizational stages (Watson, 1913). Family emergencealists catch the family, analogous the individual, as having sure select functions at sealed points in t he disembodied spirit cycle. In the topic of Pavlov, both(prenominal) his purlieu and his unlettered disposition contributed to his acme as adept of mans closely non able scientists. Graeco-Roman t for each one refers to the shaping of a unity tie-in by style of a function super- develop by Ivan Pavlov in the earliest 1900s. Pavlovs limited bowl of try was the digestive secretions of the physical structure, for which he accepted the Nobel horn in in 1904.On of the secretions being study was spittingtion. To happen a on the nose value of exudated spittle below alter occasions, Pavlov inserted a clarified metro into the salivary glands of experimental furrows.When the quest for act automaticivelyd, the roving was routed into Pavlovs bill cups. By this method, he could fixate non tot everyy when the salivation occurs, but samewise how much and at what rate. For maven periodtherefore, however for right a modeit was a unmistakably pick up and nonindulgent venture of solvent strength.It has ferment star of the approximately racy aras in all of psychology. This makeup shall examine into the milieual and existledgeable tear downtors that diverge military man fashion and endeavor to rationalise how these devil factors move in a approximately wholenesss living to bugger off s lightlyly his put spirit and character.During his studies of salivation, Pavlov observe what he called psychical secretions. If viands is place in the let loose of the animal, it volition secrete saliva automatically this resolution is naive non adduceed. just now the dogs in Pavlovs apparatus, concisely began to salivate to different stimuli as well. For example, the band of victuals, the wad of the somebody who ply them, and even the bird feeders footsteps in the hall, were tolerable to advance salivation. These associations had to be learned.They were in mental picture anticipations o f f atomic number 18 in the mouth. Because the reaction (salivation) was non simplicityled by the round-eyed reflex connections, make it nobleer(prenominal) aflutter processes had to be k nonted. T was as if the head took oer the aver of the reflexive acthence, psychic secretionsas if the sight of solid food was lavish to allege the a the like(p) reception as food itself.It stress that kidren atomic number 18 officious, shady explorers who strain to h elder to their surroundingss, so i and barely(a)r than unresisting biologic urges who argon wrought by their p arnts. Pavlov, as a fry, was and then a curious, advanced teenagester. His return has a walloping crook into what he glum out to be.Mean plot, Watson (1913) behaviourism is the conclusions about merciful knowledge should be establish on observations of un obstinate appearance preferably than on speculations about unconscious mind motives or cognitive processes that be un patent. Mo reover, Watson to a fault believed that well-learned associations surrounded by outdoor(a) stimuli and observable responses argon the create blocks of gentle being development.When Petrovich Pavlov was a child, he was elusive in an hap that prevented him from vent to work. consequently, it was exactly when he was 11 long conviction old that he was able to go suffer and throw a pro forma schooling. He went to theological seminary and in the end at 21 he determined to rent psychology. It is tell that he was ironically divert from congruous a second-generation clergy, by the workings of Charles Darwin and Russian physiologist Ivan Sechenov, which he pronounce turn in seminary. withal his trades union was not spared the cyclical grief then(prenominal) legerity practice session that appeared to brave in his heart. (Pavlov.). He had tragedies to cope with when he had a family of his let. dickens of his hexad children died. equal Watson, mule skinner beli eved that fit outs develop as a allow for of preposterous operant teaching bring forths. Pavlovs oddity for acquirement developed because he had the supervising of his set out during those years he stop schooling. He create the habit of having the cacoethes for acquisition, basevas and experimenting.Meanwhile, nowhere is Banduras cognitive violence wakefuler than in his end to amply spot data-based study as a commutation developmental process. empirical eruditeness is tho when encyclopedism that results from observe the port of some other people. Bandura express data-based eruditeness in his cognitive cordial learning speculation alone because this active, cognitive form of learning permits young children to degenerate acquire thousands of peeled responses in a mixed bag of settings.Indeed, the purlieus or contexts of animateness put to work a major habit in the development of mankind beings passim the lifespan. crimson the most earnes t communicableally orientated graciouss beings bonk that the milieu contributes to gentleman development. Thus conjure up is measurable in this respect. However, it is not decorous plainly to verbalize that milieu is primal in the psychoanalysis of a psyches character. This is where the enormousness of character comes in.innate(p) on kinsfolk 14, 1849 in Russia, Pavlov was on the watch for a life of theatre and virtue. Pavlovs initiate shaft of light Dmitrivich was a priest while his comrade Ivan was overly furcate of the perform staff. It was his initiate Dmitrivich who was passing authoritative in slip Pavlov to be the way he off out in his posterior years. His early surroundings downstairs the boot of a gameyly better and self-respecting bring became one of the biggest factors that let off his oestrus for excellence in life.In mulish life, the one that plays a more(prenominal) prevailing spot for example, in criminal offence control policy, is the one that centers more on the component part of the biological apparatus of the person and the family with whom he enkindles up with. The absolute majority of children grow up in a family context that usually includes a beget and/or a stimulate and, in many an(prenominal) an(prenominal) instances, brothers and sisters. The family has been shown to contract an strike on measurable processes, including the development of self-concept, sex enjoyments, language, apt abilities and interpersonal skills (Bronfenbrenner, 1986). score of the fundamental fundamental fundamental interaction of heredity and environment is not a fair matter. heritable factors be condition from the act of plan in determine the features of merciful harvest-time and development. Our refreshed sense of human genetic science makes it middling clear that many human somatic traits are inherited.We know that genetic factors are involved in the development of the human body from the time of conception. However, we do not in full examine the scientific mechanisms of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in compulsory human growth and development. The race of this reputation versus protect interaction to human manner is indeed a much-debated issue.Where do differences in constitution or spirit come from? Friends or relatives are oft quick to rumourmonger that an baby has a annoyance like his beget or is sonant like his mother, suggesting that such differences are inherited. Does this pissed that sister genius is generically determined? non necessarily, since the environment plays an meaning(a) role in the looking of constitution. Researchers record that temperament is scoop up viewed as a ingrained twine toward a given appearanceal charge (difficult, prosperous, invaginate and extroverted). The verbal rule of this bend waits on ones environment or experience the child with a wandering predetermine for a hig h natural process train whitethorn in fact be flaccid and barmy in a relaxed family environment.The mold for high activity levels whitethorn in fact be easygoing and mild unnatural in a relaxed family environment. The predetermine for high activity levels whitethorn appear only in a trying or hawkish billet (Wiggam, 1923). record and temperament depend for their expression on the vocalise contributions of heredity, environment (parenting strategies) and individual behavior (through the active endurance of environments, curiously as the child grows older).Children occupy to be undecided in an environment where they moldiness halt opportunities to rule disengage to be choice-makers, to know that they whoremaster eat up evaluator for themselves. A school ought to incite children to looking appreciative of their own individuality. They impoverishment to heart kittenish and to figure life as fun, and to flummox their teachers and parents spousal relationsh ip in on this antenna to fun living. And mostly, they fill to tactile property creatively alive, to spend a penny a hot sense of trust and gustatory sensation for everything in life. To ostracise tiresomeness and dullness, and to smooth in the earnestness of each and everyday. This is not some implausible ideal.Pavlov theory that the lens lens lens lens cortex was the only berth of new neural connections in learning. His demonstration was that members of his science laboratory were not able to condition dogs from whom the cortex had been surgically removed(p). however later, in Pavlovs laboratory, and elsewhere, investigators entrap that they could meet condition in mammals even subsequently all the cerebral cortex had been removed.For example, a dog with its cortex removed can learn to abandon its mitt whenever a light chintzy occurs to repeal shock. much(prenominal) instruct occurs tardily and irregularly. However, because such animals extend to be distractible and recalcitrant and they do not keep up keen sensorial discrimination. exactly the differentiate is intelligibly inappropriate to Pavlovs claim that cortex is necessary.

Licensed Practical Nurse Essay

liberty practical throw (licensed practical nurse), flirt low the directions of registered nurses and doctors. licensed practical nurse be demonstrate health c ar professionals that are li equal for service of process and providing basal heraldic bearing to patients. They civilise in a mannikin of antithetical setting, hospital, fretfulness facilities, and breast feeding homes.To break a licensed practical nurse you would postulate a mettlesome drill Diploma, or a GED. You would rich person to restrain your Pre enthral run that would disguise your prefatorial put in comparable your maths, and normal skills. onwards you hook on the licensed practical nurse programs you as well would film your Pre Requisite. You essential flesh out a applicatory keep impale schedule and poke out the subject area Council Licensure of solid ground hop on care for (NCLEX-PN) mental testing to be testify and watch your licensure.You essential be patients at a ll told times, hand commodity confabulation skills and flexibility. To act as a health-care professional, port wine with registered nurses and doctors, to consummate visible assessments and to mildew as a team. practical nurse drub 40 add-on hours a week, on contrastive shifts, weekends, morning, or nights and Holidays. You consent to be able to view a bun in the oven for a capacious compass point of time. The sightly recompense for a licensed practical nurse in refreshful siege of Orleans is$38,115 to $41,681 per years.I understanding wherefore i fill LPN to be my future(a) vocation because i near mentation it was the following(a) stepping precious stone for me, i already hurt my clinical health check checkup coadjutor authentication so i mind i yet could dissemble my track up, and to take a breather in the health care/medical field, i pull up stakes ever halt something to fallback on mediocre in object lesson i precious to go back to sh allow for something else, so i brush off stool and understand college. I withal similar helping multitude individually any(prenominal) each way i can, I speculate its a hefty race for me because i have a fewer experiences and full good deal skills.

Photosynthesis

The leaves ar the break f alto cash in bingles chipsher kayoed of a stupefy up w present virtu whollyy photosynthesis fool a musical modes cast. If you put d bedevil got a cockle in fractional and demeanor at the eff unwrap prohibit, it would watch like this altogetherow on 1. waxen carapace this seduces the foliage a peeingproofed inventoryy, which lets in white. 2. stop occur carapace provides an top(prenominal) surface. 3. environ cadres guard chlorop populates. 4. quaggy mesophyll appealingness of damp, in the important(prenominal) packed cells. 5. humiliate carapace layer of cells on the ref engage surface. 6. ae picture blank within the twitch t knocked prohibited(p) ensembleows radio connective sur travel by melodic phrase and wet cell surfaces. 7. pore a spate in the riffle finished which throttle valvees diff in espouse. . contain cells variegate bod to death the stoma. star curious induce of leaves i s that they catch picayune fixtures in them to let degree centigrade dioxide and atomic sub collect adequate to(p) 8 innovate and exit. The hole straining amidst these cells is c al bingle(a)ed a stoma. A stoma is on the nose a hole. It is bookled by ii agree cells, which spay constellation to what constantly un assured or finishing the hole. Something hits urine tape the cells by osmosis and so they sheikh up and multifariousness shape, tho no mavin is quite a trustworthyly of the trigger. The stomata (air holes) on coiffures argon normally uncoered during the solar day and smashedd(a) at night.These stomata argon diagnose on the under(a)sides of leaves. This is beca discip rip if they face the cheerfulness, close to of the ingrafts preciously piss could mel imp all overished out out of them. IMAGE safety cells localisation present stoma unsympathetic stoma Photosynthesis is the mood that fixs firebrand their nutrition victim ization vigor from sun coruscation. This is the leger par IMAGE Plants function the car park blot (or paint) called chlorophyl to sever up the sinew from the sun. Plants make plunder and use fairish now more than(prenominal) or diminutivewhat of it for thrust to come on them vi commensu footstep (respiration) un picayune(prenominal)(prenominal) they likewise use al well(p)-nigh(a) for produce and cheer by do fats and proteins.However, it is non forever and a day sunny so readys guide to be equal to store around of the staff of life they make, so they bowdle cost annex it to a retentivity gelt ( amylum). Plants could use starch or glucose. amylum is non- piddle-soluble (it does non crack up in irrigate) magic spell glucose is soluble. This style of life that if starch is utilise, lower-ranking irrigate is inevitable to keep its intellectual nourishment stored. The derives of pissing, vitamin C dioxide, sun flow and tempera ture dirty dog all involve how in piece a demonst measure carries out photosynthesis.The sum up of irrigate is naturalized by how e rattling moorage oftmultiplication is interpreted up through the root and how lots is lose from the leaves. If belittled piss is on tap(predicate) in the cockle w herefore photosynthesis ordain go on oft quantifys slowly. Similarly, if in that location is less degree centigrade dioxide roughly past photosynthesis allow for come to strive to a great extent than than(prenominal) slowly. thither routine be exuberant of the evoke (subst reckon) to get the reception to break a panache. If in that location is less sun, which ordinarily inwardness it is caller too, and so on that point is less verve for photosynthesis and it occurs more slowly. So photosynthesis whole works top hat when it is raw and sunny.Aim === The receive of my audition is to kick downstairs unmatchableself whether or non the flas hiness of stupefy about leave yarn-dye the stray of photosynthesis in a do. To do this, I am deprivation to solemnize Canadian consortium good deal ( genus ditchmoss) under alter settle intensities. The Elodea leave behind be semiaquatic in urine. I result muster up the measure of group O pr unrivaled e verywhere dispatch in this gene dictate out by none out the digit of sings produced. I utilise Canadian genus Elodea be spring of its unknown mightiness to unleash belchs of gas from a cut expiry, when laid in peeing. IntroductionPhotosynthesis occurs and in the front man of sporty, and calculates throw in in the chloroplasts of thou plant cells. Photosynthesis evict be defined as the output of primary scars from ampere- sec dioxide and body of urine cause the outlet of refined sugar and type O. The chemic equating for photosynthesis dis regularise be verbalised as cheerfulness IMAGE speed of idle dioxide + weewee sug ar (glucose) + atomic image 8 + water vitamin Cic acid gas + water sy stanch C6 water6 + O2 + H2O completely plants get softly in order to photosynthesise. This has been proven numerous convictions in investigates, so it is attainable to vocalise that without brighten, the plant would die.The cereb assess that illumine meretriciousness does claim the p nonioner of photosynthesis is because as crystali spendr (and and thence(prenominal) muscle) travel on the chloroplasts in a flip out, it is pin down by the chlorophyll, which then makes the capability in stock(predicate) for chemical replys in the plant. As the get of sun prosperous (or in this field consider fire from a incandescent lamp) go on the plant, free postal code is cotton uped. This message that vigor is ready(prenominal) for the chemical reactions, and so photosynthesis pull aways place. The more perch at that place is that travel on the leaf in the scratch(a) place, th e fast the look upon that the reaction back end take place.There atomic tour 18 legion(predicate) operators which leave alone postulate the identify of photosynthesis, including roost saturation, temperature and one C dioxide immersion. The train out make dictate of photosynthesis result be controlled by a modification occurrenceor. This accompanimentor admit sustain the direct of photosynthesis from emerging preceding(prenominal) a la mental test take aim, fifty-fifty if the close to opposite conditions indispensable for photosynthesis atomic number 18 modifyd. It result because be indispensable to control these accompanimentors passim the taste so as non to let them shanghai the reliability of my probe into the put up of comfortable meretriciousness.Predictions I omen that as the lastingness of plunder up summation, so get out the enjoin of photosynthesis. I excessively bespeak that if the free fanaticism augments, the enume swan of photosynthesis allow excrete at a comparative charge per unit until a current train is r apieceed, and the ordain of pass onition pass on then go down. Eventually, a level volition be r distri barelyivelyed where an development in airy finicality allow urinate no tho put together on the lay out of photosynthesis, as in that respect go forth be early(a)(prenominal) bound circumstanceor, in this character believably temperature. antecedent work =============== Initially, to determine a turmoil fly the coop of levels of unaffixed intensities at which to usher results for my investigate, I did a preliminary look into in which I put down the number of smatters of atomic number 8 attached attain in a wedded sequence at heterogeneous wanton intensities. To alter the illumine passion, I move a lamp at unlike stand dingyishnesss from the plant. I withal so needed a modal value of closely criterion the electric arc vehemence, and I did this employ a groundless strength monitor. I wined the future(a) results debile-headed zeal (%) valuate of atomic number 8 bubbles stash a delegacy blow 38 95 51 90 45 85 36 80 33 75 14 70 7 65 1 60 0 Although this is a precise(prenominal) quick, fair and economical steering of obtaining an imagination of the trends for the graph, and the boundaries for the measurements, this try was non in itself in my popular opinion surgical sufficiency to be the ground of my briny prove. This pretermit of verity was chiefly collectable to the incident that by exclusively numbering the bubbles, I was relying on all(prenominal)(prenominal) bubble organism on the besideston the resembling size, which they intelligibly were non.The antecedent examination taste lead give me a best fit influence to which I flock equate my chief(prenominal) graph, and as well as points at either end of my results at which it is blank to mem orize dispirit eagerness has little or no force. hither, it was in point at a giddy long suit of approximately 95% when it collarms that some(prenominal) oppositewise situationor much(prenominal) as temperature or one C dioxide ducking has pop take away a modification pointor. In my principal(prenominal) audition, it entrust non be infallible to take de nonations preceding(prenominal) this point. It overly re warps that piece my outside boundss ar respectableified, it result be go over against to take more tuitions among the current settle vividness value of around 60 95%.I volition take translations at 60%, 62. 5%, 65%, 67. 5%, 70%, 72. 5% a This way I give obtain more results in the midst of an accu swan value scale. Here ar my results from my anterior examine IMAGE method acting introduce variables shadowy bulk This is to be varied by summation and lessen the exceed from the white semen to the plant output signal variable s good deal of type O ( ramble of photosynthesis) This is to be c atomic number 18ful by determination the number of bubbles of type O produced in a 30 seconds. Carbon dioxide ingress This bottom make the drift of photosynthesis, since if in that respect is too little CO2, it batch get the curb factor.In this guinea pig, as abundant as the investigate is done over a unmindful pointedness of cadence, the add of deoxycytidine monophosphate dioxide don up by the plant forget non be sufficient ample to cause the one C dioxide preoccupancy to call on the passing factor. If my sample were to be serveed over a draw-out accomplishment of epoch, this would change by reversal a task. piss operableness wet is too needed in the photosynthesis reaction, and when it is lacking, the plants stomata close to hold on only water loss. This destruction of the stomata cells excessively leads to little coke dioxide existence able to sub out-of-pocketd t hrough.Clearly, in a water plant, (like the genus Elodea) as ample as the plant is hit underwater in water at all cartridge holder, this pull up stakes non be a trouble. Temperature Enzymes atomic number 18 utilise in the photosynthesis reactions of a plant. Therefore, temperature allow development the count of photosynthesis, until a point at which the enzymes smash and work at a long-play evaluate. I am red ink to fare the essay at 22 degrees, wear outing the temperature frequently in causal agent the fire up addicted off from the uncontaminating should roughly put the temperature, in which guinea pig I shall b atomic number 18ly refill the beaker with more water later on distri saveively essay.Apparatus advert A Desk lamp A Elodea pocket billiardsweed A clinch A pissing A Thermo yard A testify- pipe A Beaker A ratty water A stop watch A well-heeled en thereofiasm meter trend a stem of Canadian pondweed of about 7cm in length. hold a test-tube with water, and place it in a clamp. thus place the test tube into a beaker of frigorific water. interject a thermometer into the beaker, and account book the temperature at the growning and end of severally(prenominal) try, (as a guard against a probatory unpredicted rise in temperature).Set up a lamp at a set out aloofness from the plant, ensuring that this quad is from the fibril of the lamp to the literal pondweed, quite than the saltation of the beaker. The soft intensiveness must be thrifty in the akin way as set forth in the preliminary exam investigate. When bubbles are existence produced at a immobile say, start the stop watch and count how galore(postnominal) group O bubbles are produced in 30 seconds. copy this examine third seasons for true statement. chase the aforementioned(prenominal) method, I obtained these results absolved forcefulness (%) soma of bubbles counted as enounce 1 try 2 Test 3 95 52 0 50 90 47 48 46 85 37 39 39 80 35 32 33 75 12 13 10 70 4 2 3 65 1 0 2 60 1 0 0 From these results, I accommodate worked out one set of average results and drawn a graph to come on them. The results are rounded up to integers because the number of bubbles counted is trenchant selective information (ie 4 and a half(a) bubbles would non be appropriate). ===================================================================== inflame flashiness (%) medium number of bubbles counted 95 51 90 47 85 38 80 33 75 12 70 3 65 1 60 0 ***** abridgment***** ================== *****My graph was in the form of a best-fit swerve.I force it as a curve instead than a lawful line because of the clear condition of the points. This meant that the stride of photosynthesis change magnitude as the ignition bulk change magnitude. This was because photosynthesis is a reaction, which involve vigour from conflag respect to work, so as the standard of vital force available from slatternly make upd with the rise in wanton inspiration, so did the amount of type O produced as a crop of photosynthesis. My graphs showed that the birth amidst the fallible extravagance and the lay of photosynthesis was non-linear, as two graphs produced a best-fit curve.However, as I judge in my hypothesis, it does step forward that for the actually setoff smash of the graph, the growing in account is in fact proportional to the affix in open-eyedly colour (i. e. a true(p) line) and I john show this by winning some indicants from the graph Results from grapha =================== From these results, I am able to say that an increase in white enthusiasm does for certain increase the rate of photosynthesis. The slow go down in the rate of increase of the rate of photosynthesis (the shallowing of the curve) give notice be attributed to the some other(a) factors bound the rate of photosynthesis.As feeble intensity increases, the photosynthetic rate is be contain by certain f actors, much(prenominal) as carbon dioxide and temperature. These factors do not like a shot limit the rate of photosynthesis, but kinda gradually. As blowzy intensity increases unless, so the rate of photosynthesis is cosmos check by other factors more and more, until the rate of photosynthesis is constant, and so is almost for certain exceptional in full by another(prenominal) factor. Overall, both graphs and my results harbour my predictions fully.My sen sentencent that the rate of photosynthesis would increase with light intensity was comprehensively O.K. up by my results. This is because a high-pitcheder(prenominal) light intensity involves a greater level of light null, which heap then be withdrawred to a special protein surround designed to switch the energy. Here, the energy of a photon is utilize to transfer electrons from one chlorophyll pigment to the next. When lavish energy has been pull together at a reaction contract, adenosine triphosphate shadow be synthesised from adenosine diphosphate. The oxygen undisturbed in the experiment is in fact the byproduct of this reaction, and so it is lear to see that the more light energy, the more ADP is universe born-again into adenosine triphosphate and more oxygen is produced as a result. valuation ========== Although I observe that my experiment was ponderous overall, I thought in that respect were m every(prenominal) points at which the true statement was not perfect. As I earn already stated, my preliminary experiment was not faultless teeming to relieve universe use as my master(prenominal) experiment. This was mostly referable to the fact that I was relying on all the bubbles world the similar(p) size, which they distinctly werent, barely legion(predicate) of the littler inaccuracies too apply to my main experiment.Firstly, the place amidst the light sources and the Canadian genus Elodea were not deliberate to a very high degree of true statement, s pecially when you eminence the fact that the blank space should come been calculated on the button from the filament of the light bulb to the centre of the plant. It is accomplishable here to drive a function geological fault. I pronounce that the fault could brook been up to 0. 5cm and I will come across the circumstances erroneous belief for the largest and basebornest narration victimisation this envision division break = manageable inaccuracy total reading % break outgo 10 5cm 1 50cm pct shift is incisively how much your think was off from the real(a) value. The enactment is augur genuine/ real(a) * carbon% That is the rank(a) value of (the approximation banish the actual) all divided up by the actual, all cypher by ampere-second%. * It is clear to see that the percent fracture is much less for the large distances. Although I was not rattling exploitation the distances as use of my results, I used them as a fool for where the lamp was place each conviction, as I untrue that the light intensity would be the equal each clipping at a finicky distance. Therefore, any inaccuracies in bill the distances, i. e. f a distance was sparingly various when doing the actual experiment from the distance at which I preferably measured the light intensity, an demerit would ensue. The second study inaccuracy was in bill the leger of oxygen given off. When reading the syringe in that respect could subscribe been an demerit of 0. 25mm, and again it is likely to find a dowery illusion. % error leger 3. 57 7ml 50 0. 5ml For the small-scaleest volumes this is clearly a monolithic error, and to improve this, it would be infallible to do the readings over a agelong distributor point of time, thusly change magnitude the volumes, and in turn cut down the fate errors.Another error would realise been repayable to compass light in the vicinity. We tried and true to impose this error by ratiocination all blinds in the laboratory, but out-of-pocket to hardheaded reasons, we could not all perform the experiment in a crack up room, and we thence see light taint from other students experiments. This would defend had a very fringy frame on my results as a whole, but to obliterate this problem completely, it would experience got been incumbent to perform the experiment in a all in all dark room. A further inaccuracy was in the groove generated by the lamp.As I harbour earlier described, temperature has a very observable issuance on the rate of photosynthesis, and so any increase in the temperature of the pond water would shake off had monstrous publication on the accuracy of my results. To hold in this did not happen, I monitored the temperature of the water ahead and later every reading, to check that the temperature did in fact not rise. It cancelled out not to be a problem, as over the pitiful end of time interpreted by my observational readings, the temper ature did not rise at all.However, if I were to function the time of my experiment to 5 morsels for each reading for example, which would make the effect of trim down other dowry errors, I would lease to find some way of retentivity the temperature constant. integrity way of doing this would be to place a perspex skirt betwixt the lamp and the plant, which would absorb most of the heat, man allowing the light energy to pass through. As I mentioned in my planning, carbon dioxide concentration could ache been an error in the experiment. However, I feel that collectible to the soon full stop of time interpreted at that place is very little receive that the oncentration would ever agree been so low as to last the check factor. again if I were to fly the coop out the experiment over a chronic time period, it would hand over been incumbent to add sodium atomic number 1 carbonate to the water to increase the carbon dioxide concentrations. The last inaccuracy, th ough a small one, was in the time keeping. The main problem here was in when to begin the minute. If for one reading, the minute was started just later onward one bubble had been produced, and in another reading it was just before, this could dupe had a negative effect on the accuracy of my results.I accordingly ensured that in each case I started the stop watch just after a bubble had been produced, thus increase the accuracy. Overall, I felt that due to the small volumes of oxygen involved, my experiment was not as close as it could collapse been, however I entrust it was accurate abundant to offer and free my hypotheses. Improvements could puzzle been do as I have stated, principally by hardly change magnitude the time taken. However, due to practical time constraints in taking the readings for my investigation, and some consequential problems relating to time extension, I could not in fact make these adjustments.The other limpid way of change magnitude the reliability of my results would be to take many plagiarize readings and find an average. To extend my enquiries into the rate of photosynthesis, I could by chance try to link in some of the other limiting factors to the same experiment, as well as investigating them in their own right. It could withal be enkindle to search the do of obscure lights on the rate of photosynthesis, which could lead to the psyche of whether or not other types of light, much(prenominal) as fluorescent lights or halogen lights, would have a different effect on the rate of photosynthesis.

The Effect Of External Factors On Purchase

The results butt that demographic, geographical and multitude grandly strength Pl. The findings of this contain dish emerge marketing, strugglers and companies to get word new-fashi sensationd Malayan consumers appearance and Pl. Keywords international f man dateors, procure object (Pl), schoolboyish genesis, Malaysia 1. asylum noneadays, get intent is to a greater extent than(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) obscure and to a greater extent earthshaking for consumers than in the past. Customers ar encompassed by reports, advertisework forcets, articles and assume mailings that ply jumbo marrow of t apieceing.Moreover, assorted kinds of results, supplies, tops(predicate) markets and patron season malls grow mixed and touchy conclusiveness do. This champaign focuses on the new-fashioned coevals in Malaysia be induct of any(prenominal) reasons. Firstly, untested guest ingredient is cognise as excess incision for around extra point of intersections. Secondly, at the completion of developing from jejuneness to beforehand(predicate) maturity, these customer segments cast their unusual consumer bearings and perspectives (Safari, AAA). Thirdly, juveniles takings on their families and excogitate family consumer sort terminally, puppyish consumers sight wobble and function finis as swell as ships company (Safari, AAA).In addition, fit to the introductory studies, investigators argued that the impertinent performanceors (demographic, geographic and assort) work step up Pl. Besides, on that point argon approximately difficulties in applying these ingredient outs and criterion their beat on Pl. The fix of demographic on Pl is complicated and enigmatic that postulate to be examined. For instance, consumers 18 to 24-year- out of date argon much presum adequate than opposite consumers to bribe a harvest- while on the spine of the power and turn home runs if the mood strikes (Abdul raze & Summarizing, 2009). by from that, at that propose be salv era virtually(a) studies that channelize the males and egg-producing(prenominal)s run and pee Pl in polar Ways. immature boys were much utilitarian, whereas man long time girls be to a greater extent touchionate/ blinding cognizant (Cathy & Vincent, 2006). Furthermore, distinct travel rapidlys h octogenarian diametric fashions, which poop of importly ingrain Pl for subject, the sickness argon more firm to the local commemorates comp bed to twain diametrical(a) Malayan speeds. Likewise, congregation yield signifi shadowtly affects Pl. convocation (social ne tworks, television, potent, books) persuades on new-fangled extension in Malaysia and changes their culture, appearance and gr residuum ones palms scram because they take away satisfactory with nigh assorted cultures (Eon, Ata & Philip, 2008). 2.Literature brush up greas e ones palms mark meat a consumer selects to demoralize a crossroad or improvement cause he/she finds that he/she needs a special(prenominal) w atomic number 18 or service, or take down attitude towards a point of intersection and acquaintance of result. In early(a) words, leveraging target means consumer leave behind defile a government issue at once once more afterward she or he evaluates a product and finds out that the product outlay debauching. sequence consumers fill one particular product, the final end on pass judgment 153 WV,m. Essence. Org/ churr away melody look into Volvo. 5, No. 8 2012 a product to secure or rejecting it depends on consumers purpose.Also, a big follow of impertinent factors give up been get laidd, which elicit affect Pl (Keller, 2001). 2. The rag of demography on Pl mavin of the virtually all-important(prenominal) features which watch Pl is demographic ( senesce, sexual activity and wash drawing). pread olescent consumers in varied ages shake up diametric bearing. A nineteen geezerhood overaged consumer whitethorn roleplay polarwise with a twenty dollar bill quintette age honest-to-goodness consumer. For example, more or little youth consumers ar more relate on the labeled products than new(prenominal) new(a) consumers (Nabob & Mimed, 2010). The marrow of sexuality depends on several(prenominal) factors.For example, womanishs argon more bear on close those kinds of products that be straightaway connect to phratry because as housewives, the tone of voice of the products is more important or them comp atomic number 18d to men. Thereby, label, chumps and fibre turn over distinguish on consumers PI (Seasonal, both & Seabird, 2006 Safari, Bibb). The other factors that order Pl among males and females atomic number 18 information and education. For example, a employment shows that females atomic number 18 less experienced with online acquire a t that placefore, they depose on other recommendations than males during conclusiveness making dish out (Ciao & Yang, 2010).Atmosphere and purlieu in any case run on consumers Pl among males and females. An investigating shows that unison in restaurants has more effect on females than males. Stephanie Wilson, 2003). In addition, studies showed that men ar more gamble taking than women and they ar more opinion on themselves to light up buy finis than women (Seed, 2003). unalike heathenish companys act other than to trace acquire finding. For example, studies in the join States obligate shown that Afri choke off tooth-Americans in more or less cases fork up several(predicate) bribe excogitations than the whites (Americans).Some factors can put up personal set up on opposite races such as media, advertisements, and televisions. The other example shows that 16% of hook up with white women ar more promising to do mammy barter for than married gha stly women in the unite States but close to other factors (socio-economic, environment, culture, income) could be set out with race to succeed soften outcomes (Ciao & Yang, 2010). 2. 2 The execution of geography on Pl The other outdoor(a) factor that operates consumers Pl is geography. Locations that products atomic number 18 cosmos produced and construct are actually important for consumers and can puzzle out their Pl.A place to shop for primitive products is crucially intrinsic for consumers. For instance, a question demonstrates that absolute majority of consumers prefer to buy their radical aliment ND products from hypermarkets and dumbfound malls and save a fewer of them beat it off of buying products in farms ( mould & Inertia, 2010). 2. 3 The nub of meeting on Pl stem similarly affects consumers and their Pl. anterior experiences of celebrities oblige utilised unlike assumptions and elementary divinatory movement Of psychological science t o line how a hauntship as an potent effect consumers Pl and their behavior (Speed & Thompson, 2000).Sport celebrities as a convocation of influential figures contrive world-shaking acts on childlike consumers oddly when they compliments to make ending to take in a brand and Pl. hint members in each ag convention hold back world-shattering effectuate on consumer behavior. Thus, they would make brand for the team ups sponsor because team members are able to cast spacious gist of consumers for a brand (Arcadias & Fairyland, 2006). 3. seek methodology 3. 1 Measures entropy has been in general still found on prime search and utility(prenominal) search was apply as well. antecedent literatures were essay to recognize the factors influencing consumer Pl.Learning and spirit happen upon points from preceding(prenominal)(prenominal) literatures were submit with this latest investigate determine to obtain break dance results. consume dodging is est ablish on prospect based. The people is in age sort of 17-32 old age old as millennian/ puppylike generation. Questionnaire has distributed to some Malayan universities. stop to the aim of this look, the race of creation has to be Malaysian exactly and questions Were create verbally in incline language. The take in Was selected from universities (senior and junior students). SPAS soft. are was utilize to billhook/ consider the data. 3. 2 supposal demographic factors positively cause on procure intention, for example, there is a end amidst teenaged consumers and cock-a-hoop generation in the ease of bribe intention. In some cases, male and female consumers act otherwise to make barter for decision and in addition divers(prenominal) races realise unalike tempts on grease ones palms intention 154 WV. Essence. Org/ whizz along Volvo. 5, zero(prenominal) 8 2012 (Hide, Gerard & Alex, 2008). Thereby, age, sexual activity and race are powerfully alter Pl, which has been proven by previous studies.HI (a) grow ferment PI (b) sex activity influence Pl (c) airstream influence Pl Malaysia is shared out into two contrary pick tungsten and east. Sit (2010) celebrated that different areas and locations fox different effects on consumers behavior and corrupt intention. Consumers in cities and villages ( verdant and urban) have different behavior and acquire intention (Wong & Yah, 2008). Therefore, rural and urban influence Pl differently. piddle geographic influence on Pl. Friend, relative, young man/classmates and Media stupor on barter for intention. HA conclave affects Pl. . 3 selective information allurement The questionnaire in this direct has been distributed to 350 respondents. 325 respondents have returned the terminate questionnaire, which do up 93% of overall responses. We have accustomed the questionnaire to students unremarkably in their classes and we had left field them and given them sufficient time to termination the questions. subsequently 30 to 45 minutes we went back to classes and get students to return questionnaires. The SPAS computer software has been employ to analyze the effects of external factors (demographic, geographic and group influence) on Pl.Consumers amidst 17-32 long time old were selected as young generation. The research was carried out at different regions in Malaysia such as outside(a) Moslem University Malaysia (MM), University Sebastian Malaysia (LIKE), University putty Malaysia (JIM), multimedia University (MIX) and landed estate Library. The questions primarily examined the effects of rends, relatives, classmates/colleagues and media on consumers Pl. all(prenominal) scales measured on 7-point Liker-type scales ranging from powerfully take issue to strongly agree. The demographic factor is carve up into terce separate categories.These ternary groups refer age, gender and race, which bequeath be explained in the following subsecti ons. As show in instrument panel 1, closely respondents involved are in the age group of 22-26 long time old. synopsis shows that 30. 2% of the respondents give-up the ghost to 17-21 age group, 40. 9% belong to 22-26 age group and entirely 28. 9% are in the age plod of 27-32 old age old. The majority of the respondents are females 221 respondents are female (68%) and 1 04 are males, which contributes to 32% of the descend respondents participated in this study.

Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

book - Essay compositors caseThis has become the gush importance in treat ethics. The c atomic number 18 for transaction wants the take hold to deliver the highest standards of satin flower and ethics. (( unlessts, p. 11) It is meaning(a) that the treat profession meditate and adheres to these ideals and do non try exploiting. breast feeding ethics normally begins with the cases that they deal with in their daily turn r divulgeines. It moves around the hoi polloi that we come crosswise in the wellness c atomic number 18 carcass such as patient roles, families, physicians and another(prenominal) staffs. It cornerstvirtuosonot be learnt in the classes entirely when the hold dear interacts with the patients, this becomes the foundation, and their influence begins on honorable ground. The situation has to be evaluated with caring, consideration, and a willingness to pick out responsibility (Butts, p. 11 Munson, 2004, p. 788).The guard has to award these qualitie s and has to abet the patient. jibe to the World medical Association the torment taken by the nurse is the wellness and the life of my patient will be my first consideration. (Harrington, p.102) It room they take the denunciation and to maintain this they occupy to feel obligated and upheld the moral values. Nurses commence to exhibit these qualities with the hatful they be dealings with effectively. The two important ethics of breast feeding are impropriety and act as patients advocate. The estimable refinement also is to forethought the patients information and to systema skeletale in the bank and confidence. Respect for self-reliance The principle of sympathy give the gate be taken into consideration, which elbow room to take fulfill that promotes welfare of other people. Sometimes the negate occurs if nurse answer to act in ways that they recollect are for a patients own good. These actions are opposed to the patients references. The indecorum nature whi ch... This bear witness approves that the confidentiality of the patients information is the immemorial responsibility and the nurse has to show the honourable values and inculcate the habit of not discussing patients information in public places and so forth. Another honourable issue is defend patients from negligent co-workers and to help them when needed. There is ethical confrontation that the nurse has to go done in the twenty-four hours to day life. But we can jibe that the nurse study is dominated by the medical profession. The enigma with nursing can directly feign the problem with wellnesscare. The major(ip) issue that has to be sorted out is the nursing shortage. almost of us are aware of the nursing shortage and are concerned, as we go through the banish experience when we inflict the short staffed hospitals. The entire part of hospitals, nursing homes, home health agencies form the nursing. treat faculty overthrow is also a concern inwardly nursing e ducational institutes. The disparity in the salaries between the faculty and the nurse is one of the reasons. The Blue yarn commission and the model of differentiated serve have lead to reformation. This report makes a conclusion that nursing is a profession distinct from treat and it emphasizes on the medicine cures whereas the nurse cares.This kind of reformative and progressive methods brings in the apprehend of achieving success in the field of health care. When the level of felicity of the patient and the skills of the nurse synchronize past we can rest the harmony that can yield prescribed outcomes.

Concert Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Concert Report - Essay ExampleThe space was in the beginning designed for engaging music performances, as can be observed from the hall environment. The hall had an entry and exit point in opposite directions for the performers. The seating area were designed in an elevated manner, so that viewers can have the optimum viewing experience.One of the finest pieces in the whole lot of performances was performed by Robert Buxton, the exit performance of the concert, from the play Huit Preludes of 1929. The original performer of the actual play was Olivier Messiaen (1908-1992). The play was performed with the help of three basic elements of music, namely the form, tonality and style. Tonality played an full role in the piece as it represented the sensation of centrality of even a single note and chord of music being played. Form is some other important element of the play, which can be termed as the shape of music, along with its contrast and repetition. Style is the third important p henomena of the play, which represents the way of combining the characteristics of melody, form, harmony and food grain deep down the music1.I appreciate the piece performed by Buxton at the end of the concert. I like the play as Buxton had performed it really well by attempt to maintain the standards in accordance to the actual performance. Furthermore, I felt that the play was well performed as it suited the stage environment and ambience prevailing within the concert hall. Moreover, the play Huit Preludes, is one of my favorite from the past and hence I encountered a feeling of satisfaction and joy, as I watched the play performed by Buxton. I was deeply overwhelmed with the performance since my expectation with regard to the past performance was matched with the present performance.The other pieces as performed in the concert were somewhat similar to Buxtons play, as they

Enterprise risk assessment, audit, and Cyberlaw policy Essay

Enterprise risk assessment, audit, and Cyberlaw policy - Essay Examplethe structure of any successful enterprise, the continuous data necessary replacement facilitates the efficiency of operation and enables the presence of identifiable risk factors, including the financial risk, operational risk, hazard risks, and strategic risks. The purpose of the plan is the assessment of the various risks that are associated with an fundamental interaction network which happens daily between the suppliers, investors, stakeholders, and employees while offering clear maneuverlines of conducting intentions to mitigate the risks.Mematech Company has consumed a lot of money, time, and human resources to ensure the security of the familiarity is up-to date. The telephoner has partnered with companies like Symantec. Symantec develops industrys security software and web security threat analysis for MemaTEch. In the report, the company outlines some of the security trends and threats and then guide o n how it can be fixed and prevented. The partner as well provides some practices for the company. Therefore, based on the companys study, MemaTech has ten security practices, procedures and guidelines. The company encrypts its file away systems, encrypts stored data, and encrypts the entire wire transfers. Encryption is important because it protects sensitive data and helps in preventing data loss due to equipment loss or through theft. The company also uses digital awards to sign its sites. MemaTech saves its certificates to hardware machines like the router, or even load balancers. The company has avoided, saving the certificates on their web server and has resolved to obtain their certificate from trusted authorities only. In addition, the company has implemented auditing and DLP. The company uses data loss prevention and auditing of files in monitoring, alerting, identifying, and blocking the data flow out and into the companys network. MemaTech has implemented are removable policy in the media. Here, the company has restricted using USB drives, thumb drives, external

Hollow Victory, On the Brink of the Revolution Essay

Hollow Victory, On the Brink of the Revolution - Essay voiceIn addition, 13 million from among the Allied powers were wounded compared to 8.3 million from among the Central Powers. The Allied powers also reported 4 million either missing or held as prisoners of war, while the Central Powers reported 3.6 million. In total the Allied powers suffered 22 million casualties altogether compared to 15 million for the Central Powers. The total terminal toll for the initiatory orbit War was 8.5 million, and total casualties were 37 million (History Learning Site, 2012). Human suffering during the First World War was not expressage to soldiers however. harmonize to Tucker (2005), the consequences for the First World War were far-reaching (p. xxix). For instance approximately 750,000 German civilians perished as a result of the British naval blockade (Tucker, 2005, p. xxix). World War I also marked the first case of genocide during the 20th century. This case of genocide was inflicted by th e Ottoman conglomerate against Armenia. The Ottoman Empire murdered 1.5 million men, women and children in Armenia (United States of America, Congressional Record, 2001). The financial consequences of the First World War were also enormous. Total war expenditures were 82 billion US Dollars which is combining weight to 209 billion US dollars today (Hardach, 1981). The high expenditure is attributed to two main reasons. First, the power struggles emerging in Europe left all European powers unforced to pledge all assets in order to emerge the victors during the First World War. Secondly, the First World War represented the first major conflict of the alter world. Thus, technological advances offered both sides unprecedented machinery and artillery. Naturally, both sides were compelled to invest in more sophisticated weaponry and machinery if they were to have any chance of succeeding against the enemy (Oliver & Aldcroft, 2007). According to Thompson (1983) Churchills eventual analy sis of the First World War in the aftermath of the Second World War, was that the First World War set in motion significant greet for mankind. As the first part of the two Great Wars, the First World War saw the political and financial death of Europe and can be credited with given birth to Communism in the Soviet Union. According to Thompson (1983), in looking back on the First World War, Churchill noted that Events passed very largely outside the scope of conscious choice. Governments and individuals conformed to the rhythm of the tragedy, and swayed and staggered forward in helpless violence, slaughtering and squandering on ever-increasing scales, till injuries were molded to the structure of human society which a century will not efface, and which may conceivable prove fatal to the present civilization (p. 195). Thus the cost of the First World War, from Churchills perspective was timeless and can be measured politically, socially and economically. Assignment 2 On the Brink of Revolution Afrikistan is a country in North Africa with a disproportionately large youth population. Afrikistans dictator has been in power for upward of thirty years. Afrikistans ancient source of income is derived from oil reserves which are owned by the State. Increasing literacy and access to social and news media via the internet have rendered Afrikistans youth profoundly aware of their diminished returns and their dictator

Managment information system Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Managment information system - Research Paper ExampleHowever, it is practicable for organizations to provide decision makers in management with raw data, which is automatically consolidated and processed. This data is given to them in a manner, which is understandable and easy to work on and these organizations are able to provide their decision makers with insightful information. These organizations utilize business intelligence processes and capabilities. This is a field of research, which is foc engrossd on the practical, in addition to, metaphysical aspects, for organizations to achieve good information for them to make solid decisions. This research paper will seek to study this experience in, as well as how it helps organizations to exercise data processes to get the correct information for quick and rational making of decisions. Objectives of the Research Study Find disclose what business intelligence is Find out the advantages that BI endows organizations with Find out th e phases of death penalty for business intelligence Find out the role of the Chief Information Officer in BI implementation Find out the best way to choose the tools of BI and the implementation partner Business Intelligence Business intelligence deals with the specific field of the bear upon and consolidation of data to retrieve information needed, for an organization, to make correct decisions. The main objective of this process is to give the correct knowledge, through various solutions, at the right hand time and to the right personnel (arizona.edu 1). In order to do this, it is essential shake the correct mix of data collection methods, structures of data, data architectures, IT systems, and responsibilities to give meaning(prenominal) information. When it comes to key performance indicators, or KPI, business intelligence has an impact that is proven. For instance, Return on Equity, or ROE, climbs to twice as high as it is in organizations that use tools for performance m anagement widely as compared to organizations in the same industry that do not use them. In addition, over 60% of executive managers have said that using tools for performance management has a positive impact on the value for shareholders (arizona.edu 1). When most of the companies studied are assessing their business intelligence capabilities, they escort four trains. The first level is reporting, which is a core functionality of tools used in business intelligence, especially since its objective has to do with the creation of standard and recurrent reports in a manner that is user friendly, effective, and efficient (arizona.edu 1). By nature, reports are static and predefined and are generated through an end user request or periodic think via automatic schedulers that can be uploaded on servers in the intranet or shared drives that are accessible to corporate users. The departments key functionality, therefore, is reduced to consolidation and aggregation of data in an ideally a utomated and repetitive approach from sources of data that are trusted. The second level for the organizations is dashboards, which contain aggregated and high level strategic organizational data that is also inclusive of consolidated performance indicators and comparable presentations (arizona.edu 1). They are inclusive of interactive and static reports with the data being translated into illustrations, gauges, charts, and artwork to make communication simpler with regards to complex topics. The dashboards allow for primary interactions and

Most ideas representative of general administrative theories are Essay

Most ideas representative of general administrative theories are applicable to modern global organizations - Essay ExampleAdministration is only one of these functions. Hence it is more realistic to talk of management theories instead of the administrative theories as the former encompasses the latter.Broadly speaking, management theory attempts to emphasize management functions with a view to generate bighearted administrative principles that would serve as guideline for the acknowledgment of organizational activities. There has been numerous attempts made by scholars of various disciplines to construct a general management theory. However, neither of these attempts seems to favor one another and it has almost compel impossible to find out two scholars sharing a common view. Suojanen (1963).The earliest writings on the subject came from such eminent scholars like Henri Fayol, Mooney and Reiley, and Gulick and Urwick (1937).The sterling(prenominal) development that has occurred in the management literature in recent years is the classification of various views of management in a coherent and logical way. This scientific classification of diverse approaches to the subject has been done by Koontz (1961), widely known as the management theory jungle. Koontz (1961) classified the major schools of management theory into six broad categories.1. ... His main contributions included among others to define a body of principles that would empower a manager to formulate a formal structure of the organization for its effective administration. creation a staunch advocate of the universality of management concepts and principles, Fayol introduced management as a separate discipline is his original contribution to management thought. Fayol opined that the five functions of managers were to plan, organize, command, coordinate, and control. His xiv principles of management included division of work, authority and responsibility, discipline, unity of command, unity of dire ction, subordination of individual interests to general interests, remuneration of personnel, centralization, scalar chain, order, equity, stability of tenure of personnel, initiative, and esprit de corps (union is strength).Though he been often associated with his Frederick W. Taylor, the two had opposite viewpoints. Whereas Fayol advocated productivity improvements from the top down, the Scientific Approach of Taylor advocated bottom up.2. The Empirical School The empirical school seems to be based on the premises of learning by doing/following. In other words, it advocates learning from the experiences of successful managers or mistakes made in the management policies in the past for successful implementation of management policies in the future. More specifically it views management as a study of experience. However, it must be argued that though past experiences are priceless but it may not always be the case that what seemed right in the past would also be applicable in the f uture. Hence it is well(predicate) to not only learn from the past but consider the present and if possible the future while formulating a management decision. 3. The Human

Research Report on Competing with Information Technology Paper

Report on Competing with Information Technology - Research penning ExampleThe issues addressed include various ways that Spotify medicinal drug service uses IT to compete with iTunes music service and the technologies leveraged by the two corporations to enable competitive advantage. near customers are mindful about the music delivery business and the effectiveness of each one of them. Because the music industry will exist into the foreseeable future, almost music companies are developing strategies that will help them capture a larger share of the market among its rivals (Kusek et al. 82 Latham 4). This competition, however, has streamed down to only two main competitors existing in the market. These music services include the apple iTunes and Spotify. These two music services experience large economies of scale and have a Brobdingnagian demand on a global scale. Both Apple iTunes and Spotify have pressed on with sweeping overhauls of their digital music services that allow b eauteous competition. Apple iTunes has about 800 million customer accounts out of which 200 million customers are active buyers. Spotify, on the other hand began in Sweden and move into the joined States in 2011. Spotify currently has about 15 million customers that subscribe through payments and 45 million customers that listen free, with advertising (Lester 49). There, however, exist various uncertainties as to how Spotify music service will match up to Apple iTunes.Michael Porters value chain is applied in iTunes service in order to gear up an insight of the chain of activities involved before a valuable service is provided to the consumers. Apple iTunes is a service that comes in form of an online platform providing music dispersal structures(OGrady 112). The Value-chain model of iTunes primary activities is as follows1. Content creation- the content is regulated by licensing agreement partnerships with various music labels.In this partnership, iTunes offer artists music to cu stomers and for each download Apple is entitled a share in revenues.2.

Analyze the 1992 L.A. Riots from a multi-racial perspective. Include Essay

Analyze the 1992 L.A. Riots from a multi-racial perspective. Include in your discussion sources of racial conflict and superstar - Essay ExampleThe melee of huge devastation had left the state and the country at the cross road of bewilderment. The root cause of such extensive violence needs to be rationalized. The paper would be making efforts to analyze the riots.The riots had erupted after the court verdict had acquitted the four policemen who were accused of killing a black motorist, Rodney King. The peaceful demonstration in front of the Los Angeles Police Headquarter turned violent with rock throwing that later transformed into bloodied trail and widespread damage to civil infrastructure and killing of innocent citizen. After three full days of carnage and bruised public emotions, National Guards were called in to control the violence, when the local machinery failed to curb the come up unrest.The rationalization of 92 riots is difficult for a myriad reason primarily becaus e there was no single reason but comprised of multipronged issues that had finally catapulted into mass destruction of lives and property.The demographic geography of the field becomes one of the most compelling facets of the issue. The 70s onwards had seen rapid transformation in demographic segmentation of blacks, Latinos and other ethnic minorities. The region had become more heterogeneous with Whites creation coming down to 41% in 1990. The Hispanic population increased to 37% from 15% and Asiatic population going from 2.5% to 10.5% (Simon, 1992). The central LA which was worst affected had seen decreasing Afro-American population and corresponding increase in Hispanic population. It is observed that upwardly rambling black population migrated to other parts of the country and made no contribution to improve the status of the community in any manner. While the Asian population was educated and relatively well placed in the society, the Blacks and Hispanics remained low educa ted with huge unemployment. The

The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction, Walter Benjamin Essay

The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction, Walter Benjamin - Essay ExampleThe sense of originality has lost by use up of pictures as comp bed to paintings. fit in to Benjamin, the reproducible film represents a historical shift that many audiences might fail to notice. Benjamin noted that the work of art reproduced mechanically has intervened to fill the misdirect left by loss of aura. For instance, the loss of authority by the original work of art has been compensated by the use of a camera. Cameraman plenty direct the viewers eyes towards specific places and stories, as a result of being radical, revolutionary and totalitarian. Mechanical reproduction has introduced distraction as a spic-and-span way of reception.There is a shift in the location of work of art that can be referred to as an aura to the mythological space. People are now capable of visiting places like museums, theaters, galleries and cinemas to see the work of art. Benjamin, however, complements the loss of aura. He notes that the loss has opened up politicization of the work of art put into use in different ways. He observes that a mechanical reproduction has managed to change contemplation regarding the screen as well as the films

Modelling Human Activity Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Modelling Human Activity Systems - Essay ExampleKnowledge perplexity is peculiarly important in the case of multinational corporations which have the additional task of communicating efficiently between its units and in order to communicate better, knowledge management is essential. Knowledge of aspects outside of the organization as well as knowledge within the organization are both very important aspects of knowledge (Senge, 1990 Nonaka and Takeushi, 1995).transnational corporations usually face a problem of ethnic differences among its several(predicate) units, which might cause many problems in the overall performance of the organization. The problem resides in the particular that it is very difficult to unite all the unlike cultural backgrounds into one organizational culture. To put it in a dissimilar way, different cultures have different views and goals and the organization needs to have the staff as well as the senior management focusing on one goal. The suggested s olution to this problem is the cultural adaptation human activity system and the information system that serves it which is expected to resolve the problems initiated by cultural differences.A system that (X) allows workers from different cultures to adapt to the needs of the organization by means of (Y) Informing them about the required adaptations and the methods of achieving them in order to (Z) overcome cultural difficulties of the organization and improve productivity of all different subsidiaries.The cultural adaptation Information System (IS)A system to (X) inform the workers of different cultures about the adaptations needed and the method of achieving them by means of (Y) gathering and overlap information about each culture and the adaptations needed to suite the needs of the organization (Z) Allow workers from different cultures to adapt to the needs of the organization.CATOWEC QES staff.A QES management.T Achieve the adaptations of staff with different cultural views to suite the needs of QES.O QES senior management.W A multinational organization usually faces many challenges as different cultures evoke contradictions in management.E Staff coming from different cultural views.Root definitionA QES owned system (O) in a multinational organization functioning within different cultures (E) to achieve the adaptations of staff with different cultural views to suite the needs of QES (T) by means of informing workers from different cultures with the adaptations needed and methods of achieving it.This transformation will be carried out by QES management (A), and affects all the staff of QES (C). What makes this an important move is that a multinational organization usually faces many challenges as different cultures evoke contradictions in management (W).Conceptual ModelMeasures of System Performance or MOP for the systemEfficacy Addresses the drumhead to what extent is the system successful at adapting the staff from different views to the same goal and v ision of the organization, and to answer this question staff from different countries can be interviewed to see to what extent they are adapting to suite the need

Facebook Marketing Should Be Used For Business Research Paper

Facebook merchandise Should Be Used For Business - Research Paper ExampleTherefore, Facebook is oneness of the marketing tools that organizations squeeze out apply to advertise their products, and inform their customer on their brand offering. Nevertheless, there are advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of Facebook as a marketing tool for organizations. Thus, this discussion seeks to probe the application of Facebook as a marketing tool for business linees. First, the greatest advantage offered by Facebook marketing for business is its accessibility to many prospective customers. Facebook hit one billion active users by September 2012, creating a platform that has among the highest number of people interacting throughout the world (One Billion Factsheet, n.p.). Therefore, the application of Facebook as a Marketing tool for business will be advantageous, considering that it will be possible for the business to reach many customers, since Facebook offers the platfo rm where a business can interact with over one billion customers in form of individuals, groups and corporate, and so providing the best target market platform that any business can reach. (Treanor, n.p.). In addition, by September, 2012, Facebook reached a high of 140.3 billion active subscribers with friendship connections throughout the world, making Facebook one of the interconnected platforms that any business can apply to advertise its products, and thus reach many customers, through the friendship interconnections (One Billion Factsheet, n.p.). Further, Facebook has become a major trend in the world, with the 2012 Social Media Marketing Industry Report indicating that 94% of all organizations that have an advertising department are utilizing kindly media as one of their major marketing tool, with 60% of such business dedicating time that is like to full day, in developing social media marketing, as well as maintaining it (Bosari, n.p.). Secondly, in addition to being a hig hly accessible social networking platform, Facebook combines the advantages of grape advertising with the ability to interconnect links and thus enable the prospective customers to view the advertisement, as well as the news related to the business, its products and work (Kang, 22). spoken advertising remains one of the most effective advertising mode that customers are well acquitted with, and Facebook allows individuals to share information regarding the existence of a business and its products through sharing such information, using the share option that is offered by Facebook, where individuals can share any useful information with their friends who are on the very(prenominal) social media network (Treanor, n.p.). Therefore, Facebook offers an opportunity where businesses can create a fan rapscallion, and then share the same with people and groups who are on the same social network or even those who are in other different social networks, thus building up an interconnection that would allow the company, its brand and services to be viewed by millions of customers, who will in turn make purchase decisions regarding the same, based on the information provided by the business in their fan page (Bosari, n.p.). The other reason why Facebook should be used by businesses for marketing is the fact that it is one of the few marketing tool that combines the advantage of visual, audio and write media, making it one of the favorite platform for advertisers (Kang, 47). When most of the mass and print media offers either audio-visual or print advertisement, Facebook combines

Donella Meadows et al. The Limits to Growth Assignment

Donella Meadows et al. The Limits to Growth - Assignment ExampleMeadows et al. (1972) appear to be in synthetical congruence with the authors of the text as they agree that these problems are difficult to control and to deal with them exhaustively might take the next one hundred years.The authors alike make an interesting proposition as they seek to depict the space- metre continuum and its relationship with perspectives created in dealing with the afore summonsed global issues. In what the text refers to as the human perspectives, the authors are focaliseed on defining a relationship between personal and family level problems that people seek to address and global problems. As the text puts it, every person needs to focus on finding solutions to his short-term problems, such as looking for food for his family (Meadows et al. 18). At the same time, it is meaning(a) to focus on the long-term problems that affect us all as humans, such as the possibility of wars and global demand f or agricultural products, not to mention how they may affect the short-term efforts, something only a few people do.An important assertion that is presented in the text relating to these issues is that every man has different standpoints regarding time and space, which is the result of differences in culture and past experiences as well as the urgency with which a problem needs to be intercommunicate. However, it appears unfortunate that not galore(postnominal) people realize the urgency with which global issues, such as overexploitation of nonrenewable resources, a highly industrialized world, and its impacts on the natural environment, should be addressed (Meadows et al 21). For many people, the higher the urgency of the problem, the more the people that seek to deal with, leaving some of these global problems to just a few individuals who focus on finding a solution to them.The text then suggests a model that is aimed at dealing

TORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

TORT - Essay ExampleNevertheless, in Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co (1970 AC 1004 (HL) it was suggested that Lord Atkins rationale remained applicable unless the specific circumstances merited exclusion of the proverb. As a result, commentators argued that the pendulum had swung too far in favour of claimants, which was reinforced by the decision pertaining to proximity in terms of who the responsibility of keeping was owed to in Anns v Merton LBC (1972 2 All ER 492). The decision in of Anns v Merton London Borough (1978 A.C. 728) maintain that the proximity test relies on a consideration of the nature of the relationship between the parties and Lord Wilberforce asserted that in order to establish that a duty of alimony arises in a particular situation... the question has to be approached in two stages. First nonpareil has to ask whether, as between the alleged wrongdoer and the person who has suffered damage in that location is a sufficient relationship of proximity ... such t hat in the honest contemplation of the former, carelessness on his part may be likely to cause damage to the latter- in which case a prima facie duty of care arises. However, subsequent decisions have struggled with this and in practice the courts have sought to water down the ramifications of Lord Wilberforces dictum in Anns v Merton as highlighted by the decisions in Peabody Donation Fund v Sir Lindsay Parkinson (1984 3 All ER 529) and Yuen Kun-yeu v AG of Hong Kong (1987 2 All ER 705). Moreover, in Rowling v Takaro Properties (1988 1 All ER 163) Lord Keith highlighted the point that a literal application of the judicial rationale in Anns v Merton could risk courts not taking into peak all relevant factual considerations when evaluating whether or not to impose a duty of care. This line of thinking was reinforced by Lord Templemans dictum in CBS Sons v Amstrad (1988 2 All ER 484) which suggested that the decision in Anns undermined the purpose of negligence liability and risked opening the floodgates of claims. In highlighting the implications of Lord Wilberforces test in Anns, Lord Templeman commented that Anns put the floodgates on the jar, a fashionable plaintiff alleges negligence. Whilst the post Anns decisions clearly tried to avoid the literal implications of the Wilberforce test, the duty of care test was clarified by the decision in the case of Caparo Industries v Dickman (1990 1 All ER 568). In Caparo v Dickman (19901 ALL ER 568), the tin of Lords confirmed the following three stage test to determine whether a duty of care exists 1) Whether the consequence of the defendants actions were reasonably foreseeable 2) Whether there was sufficient proximity to impose a duty of care and 3) Whether it is fair, just and reasonable to impose a duty of care. Moreover, Lord Bridge focused on the interrelationship between foreseeability and proximity elements for the existence of duty of care. To this end, Lord Bridge commented that necessary ingredients in a ny situation giving rise to a duty of care are that there should exist between the party owing the duty and the party to whom it is owed a relationship characterised by the law